Ideas about how, why, and when the impact took place need revision. The impact of agriculture upon the landscape did not follow a time-transgressive spread and did not occur until at least 6000BP, considerably later than either of the prevailing theories. However, evidence from Holocene palaeoecological records of the Balkans suggests that the time-transgressive explanation for the spread of agriculture is unsatisfactory. The model of the so-called 'Neolithic transition' is fully incorporated into the archaeological literature and has further been used to suggest the spread of the Indo-European language. Both theories assume on a time-transgressive spread starting at 10000BP in the near east, reaching the Balkans at 8000-6000 BP, and northern Europe at 5000-4000 BP. Two current theories for how early farming spread from southeast to northern Europe (population expansion resulting in the surplus population moving northwards, and cultural migration of technologies and crops without a large population movement) are examined in the light of palaeoeco logical evidence for the temporal and spatial scale of the development of extensive agriculture. The homogeneity of adze materials between sites within the Upper Geer “cluster” indicates “pooling” of adze acquisition and centralized redistribution.Įxtensive study of the spread of agriculture from the near east to northern Europe by archaeologists has failed to establish the extent to which early Neolithic farmers had an impact upon the landscape. Some evidence also suggests village specialization in ceramic production. Comparisons between the lithic inventories at these sites and some others nearby indicate that there was village specialization in flint blade andgroundstone adze production. It is also argued that the defense of these sites involved cooperation among several villages. At present, the most probable is that they were erected to deter raids by indigenous Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, but other plausible hypotheses cannot be entirely excluded. Various hypotheses regarding the function of these fortifications are discussed. Three newly-excavated sites in the Hesbaye- Dation, Oleye, and Longchamps-were fortified. The preliminary results from excavations at several Late LBK sites in NE Belgium (i.e., the Hesbaye) challenge many traditional notions about the peaceful nature of this colonization and LBK economic and social organization. (unrecalibrated), represent the villages and hamlets of the first agriculturalists to colonize this region. The Late Linearbandkeramik (LBK) sites of Belgium, ca. The dating results provided information on taphonomic processes. A chronological framework could then be established for the earliest phase of the LBK culture. By critically evaluating 14 C dates, individual activities on the sites were dated as accurately as possible. From a series of dates measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on organic temper in potsherds, variable amounts of sample contamination were observed, probably deriving from the natural organic components of the clay used in the ceramic production. Although the results on cereal, bone and food remains were consistent, almost all differed from those measured on charred wood. The samples were mainly charcoal, including cereals and food remains, but bones and potsherds containing organic temper were also included in the study. Jens Lüning (Frankfurt am Main) between 19. The samples were collected during excavations directed by Prof. I discuss here a series of radiocarbon dates from sites of the earliest phase of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |